Dating Apps La Usage Statistics

I inadvertently became a critic of Tinder a decade ago, and the stories I hear about apps are only getting worse. E very week, I get emails from people who want to tell me their dating app horror stories. Betrayal is a common theme, unsurprisingly, at a time when these apps have made the array of options for potential partners seemingly endless, and the ability to access them virtually immediate. When Tinder launched its mobile app a decade ago this year, I had just started doing a story for Vanity Fair on teenage girls and how social media was affecting their lives. I was at the Grove, a Los Angeles mall, talking to a year-old girl, when she told me about a new app, Tinder. She showed me how she was on it, matching and talking with men in their 20s and 30s, and how some of them had been sending her sexual messages and nude images. The culture of dating apps that has evolved in the decade since then can be very rough, as anyone who has ever been on them which includes myself can tell you. The most outrageous and offensive sort of behaviour has been normalised. And yet, despite the pushback that that story got, its revelations have now become commonplace, part of our general understanding of the disruptions dating apps have caused. After doing that story, I went on to further investigate the ways that dating apps are rife with sexism, racism and transphobia, as did many other journalists. And yet, dating app use has only increased over the last 10 years, especially during the pandemic , which has seen a surge in the number of users and the hours they spent on these platforms. My first impression of dating apps in that LA mall was that they were something dangerous for children and teens — which, clearly, they still are. Even an app specifically designed for teens aged 13 to 17, Yubo — which has millions of users all over the world — has been called out for inappropriate content and harassment. Even more hellish, I would argue, than it always was. There are a few reasons for this, I think: one is that the dating app industry has overwhelmed the landscape of dating to the point where many people feel there is no other way to meet someone. They did this by making their apps seem easy, by promising love through just a few swipes. They did it by eliminating the need to put oneself out there in person. Another reason is that dating app users bear the same hopes as millions of gamblers who enter casinos every day, knowing full well that the odds are stacked against them, and that the house always wins.

Gen Z is breaking up with Tinder, new dating apps here for rebound

These apps are designed to be addictive. Turning love into a casino game was never a very romantic idea, but it has proved very lucrative for dating app companies — though perhaps at our expense. This article was amended on 16 August A previous version described Yubo as a dating app; it is a social video livestreaming app. This article is more than 1 year old. Nancy Jo Sales. I inadvertently became a critic of Tinder a decade ago, and the stories I hear about apps are only getting worse Nancy Jo Sales is a writer at Vanity Fair. Tinder turns what have we learned from a decade of dating apps? Read more. Explore more on these topics Dating Swipe right: the decade that changed dating Relationships Tinder Grindr Sex Rape and sexual assault comment. Reuse this content. Most viewed. The year-old entrepreneur founded the woman-centric dating app nearly a decade ago and took the company public in , turning her into what some described as the youngest self-made female billionaire. Herd also co-founded dating app Tinder. Herd will remain at Bumble as executive chair of the Austin, Texas-based company. The management shuffle at Bumble coincides with headwinds for the broader dating app business as user growth slows and companies struggle to innovate and further monetize the match-making platforms.Bumble also owns apps Badoo, Fruitz and Official for making friends and networking. The other big industry player, publicly listed Match Group, owns Hinge, Tinder and other dating apps. What sets Bumble apart from competitors is that women make the first move — a feature Herd designed to put them more in control of their dating lives and to help limit unsolicited messages from prospects that don't interest them. Bumble remains profitable. For dating companies, however, competition to cash in on that loneliness has become increasingly fierce amid a proliferation of apps geared to all manner of customers and signs that online dating is losing its luster with younger Americans. Tinder said it lost paid users in the third quarter and predicted fourth-quarter revenue that fell short of analysts' expectations. Bumble said it had 3. A lot are them are using social media, like Instagram and TikTok to meet people and that's different from the swiping right and left, which is such a big feature in online dating," Citigroup analyst Ygal Arounian said. Dating apps have struggled to add users in recent quarters, according to a recent Morgan Stanley report. Economic uncertainty is also weighing on singles' willingness to shell out for dating app subscriptions, according to industry analysts. Most dating apps allow people to use the services for free, but charge a premium for an improved experience that often promises to boost a user's chances of matching with high-quality prospects. At Bumble, Jones will have to prove she can find new avenues of growth to recapture the confidence of Wall Street. The shift at Bumble comes after another recent high-level departure at the company, with former President Tariq Shaukat stepping down from his position in May. That's a big knock on the space," Heaney added. There is still plenty of runway left in the online dating space. There is plenty of room for additional people to pay to use these apps. Megan Cerullo is a New York-based reporter for CBS MoneyWatch covering small business, workplace, health care, consumer spending and personal finance topics. She regularly appears on CBS News streaming to discuss her reporting. Bumble CEO on app safety and dating trends.

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Gen Z is ready to break up with Tinder, and these new dating apps are here for the rebound

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The centrality of physical appearance in dating app environments may constitute an appearance-related pressure that increases the likelihood of body dissatisfaction BD and disordered eating DE , thus exacerbating the relationship between DE-predictive traits and DE itself. To address these gaps, the current study investigated whether dating app usage moderated the effects of appearance-based rejection sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation, and perceived social rank on DE. DE was positively associated with female gender, higher body mass index, a history of eating disorder ED diagnosis, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation. There was a small, positive association between dating app usage and DE, indicating that dating app users were more likely to report DE symptoms, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation. No investigated predictor was moderated by dating app usage, but four of the six measured motivations for using dating apps love, self-worth, ease of communication, and thrill of excitement motivations were associated with DE among the dating app user sample casual sex and trendiness motivations were not. Given that DE behaviours can lead to EDs, the present findings suggest that lifetime dating app usage may increase socio-cultural appearance pressures that confer risk for DE. Existing research evidence, although scant, has linked dating app use to body dissatisfaction BD and disordered eating DE. We found that dating app users were more likely to engage in DE behaviours, appearance-RS, and emotion dysregulation than non-users. Furthermore, four of the six measured motivations for using dating apps were associated with DE among the dating app user sample. We conclude that lifetime dating app usage may constitute a socio-cultural appearance pressure which confers DE risk. Our results showed also novel insights into the varied motivations for dating app use and their impacts on DE. As dating app use continues to proliferate, enhancing our understanding of how, why and for whom it may be harmful remains a salient area of research. Modern dating is increasingly conducted through online dating applications apps such as Tinder, Grindr and Bumble, which use geolocation and profile pictures to pair potential dating partners.

The Most Popular Dating Apps in the U.S.

Given the central role of physical appearance concerns in exacerbating body dissatisfaction BD; [ 11 ] , here, we investigate whether and why dating app usage increases the risk of sub-clinical disordered eating DE. To do so, we examined associations between dating app usage, DE, and a range of trait-level and psychological predictors that are known to exacerbate DE. More specifically, we assessed whether the effects of trait-level and psychological predictors on DE were stronger among dating app users compared to non-users, and further, determined whether specific motivations for dating app usage exacerbated DE. Dating apps have become increasingly popular, with an estimated million people currently using dating apps worldwide [ 9 ]. To date, only two published studies have examined the effects of dating app usage on DE [ 30 , 41 ], and three additional studies have examined the effects of dating app usage on BD among predominately heterosexual populations [ 12 , 33 , 37 ]. In a comparison of Tinder users and non-users, Strubel and Petrie [ 37 ] found positive associations between dating app use and thin-ideal internalization, appearance comparisons, body shame, body surveillance and BD. In a sample of dating app users, Rodgers et al. In a recent male sample of app users and non-users, Fong et al. In a sample comprised of app users and non-users, Tran et al. Collectively, this small body of research suggests that dating app use is associated with BD and DE, and related symptoms. Emerging research indicates that individuals use apps for varying reasons that differ by age and gender [ 39 ], and some of these motivations—such as self-worth validation—are relevant to the development of ED symptomology [ 10 ]. Furthermore, a systematic review of 20 studies on the relationship between social networking site usage, body image concerns, and disordered eating found a positive link between these factors [ 18 ]. Viewing and uploading images, as well as seeking negative criticism through status updates, were found to be particularly troublesome. According to the different motivations for dating app usage outlined by Sumter et al.Hence, the motivations outlined by Sumter et al. An examination of these motivational factors would help understand the individual characteristics that might be linked to DE among dating app users versus non-users. It could also provide insights into the functional role of DE which develops in response to dating app use. A second limitation is the failure to control for important trait-level and psychological predictors known to exacerbate DE, especially those which are salient in a dating app environment. These predictors include appearance-based rejection sensitivity [ 20 , 24 ], fear of negative evaluation FNE [ 16 ], social rank [ 6 , 27 ] and emotion dysregulation [ 34 ]. As we explain below, dating app usage could potentially increase their detrimental effects. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity is a socio-affective processing bias where individuals are especially conscious of rejection based on their physical appearance [ 29 ]. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity is positively associated with BD [ 5 ] and DE [ 29 ] in community samples. Given the centrality of physical appearance within dating apps, individuals sensitive to appearance-based rejection may be especially likely to attribute dating app rejection to their physical appearance [ 30 ]. This, in turn, might intensify DE symptoms among app-users [ 30 ]. Overall, studies have shown that individuals with EDs perceive that they have low social rank and are inferior to others; they also tend to display submissive behaviours [ 6 , 43 ].

Key findings about online dating in the U.S.

People with low perceived social rank may employ DE in an attempt to elevate their rank by achieving thin or muscular body ideals. These individuals may be more acutely affected by the appearance-centric dating app environment and thus engage in DE to avoid any unwanted inferiority associated with being overlooked or rejected. FNE is a component of social anxiety disorder and refers to anxiety about being negatively evaluated [ 16 ]. Models of FNE suggest this process also operates within a psycho-evolutionary framework, as FNE may function to avoid downward shifts in social rank. It is also a salient feature of EDs and is associated with greater BD [ 26 ] and a higher odds of meeting diagnostic criteria for any ED [ 42 ]. Anxiety about how others evaluate one's body weight and shape is particularly relevant in the context of dating apps, in which judgements of others are often based on physical appearance. For this reason, fear of negative evaluation may predispose individuals—especially dating app users—to engage in DE to reduce their likelihood of being negatively evaluated by others. Emotion dysregulation refers to the phenomenon where people are unable to effectively modulate and respond to an emotional experience [ 15 ]. Emotion dysregulation is a common feature of clinical and sub-clinical DE [ 34 ] and is implicated as a core maintaining factor in the transdiagnostic model of EDs [ 11 ]. Emotion dysregulation is thus a significant factor in the development and maintenance of BD and DE. Dating app use is associated with psychological distress, the impacts of which may be particularly unfavourable for individuals with pre-existing difficulties in modulating affective experiences, which may then lead to bingeing or restriction, to regulate emotional states.

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For this reason, we examined whether emotion dysregulation was associated with DE among dating app users and non-users. The centrality of physical appearance in dating app environments may constitute an appearance-related pressure that increases the likelihood of presenting with BD and DE. Psychological predictors including sensitivity to appearance-based rejection, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation, and perceived lowered social rank may contribute to DE differentially among dating app users compared to non-users. We aimed to investigate whether dating app usage moderated the relationship of these variables on DE. Given some motivations for using dating apps are also associated with DE e. Investigating the relationship between dating app usage, the motivations to engage in their usage, and the above-outlined variables associated with DEs may foster an understanding of the individual differences driving DE. Such findings may also provide potential prevention efforts to improve body image and eating patterns in dating app users. Most of the sample was heterosexual Three-quarters English Participants aged over 18 years were recruited from several sources within the University of [redacted], social media advertisements by the authors, and research listservs. Participants completed a min online survey asking about the demographics, lifetime dating app usage and the above-outlined measures. If participants answered that they engaged in dating app usage throughout their lifetime, they were also asked questions about their dating app usage frequency and motivations for using dating apps. The study was approved by the University of [ redacted for peer-review ] Human Research and Ethics Committee and all participants provided electronically written informed consent to participate. The baseline questionnaire obtained information concerning age, gender, ethnic background, sexual orientation, marital status, and the highest level of education completed. Finally, participants were also asked whether they have ever experienced an ED.

Are Americans burned out on dating apps?

These categories for motivation for app use were taken from Sumter et al. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity was measured via the Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale short-form scale [ 28 ]. The scale presented 10 hypothetical scenarios e. Higher scores indicate higher appearance-based sensitivity to rejection. Social rank was measured using the item Social Comparison Scale [ 1 ]. Participants made a global social comparison of themselves in relation to others with a series of bipolar constructs rated 1—10; 1—low subjective social ranking, 10—high subjective social ranking e. We used the item Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [ 23 ] to measure fear of being negatively evaluated. Each item e. Emotion dysregulation was measured using the item Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [ 19 ]. Items e. We were interested in the magnitude of effects of dating app variables on DE, controlling for known predictors appearance-based rejection sensitivity, social rank, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation, ED diagnosis of this outcome variable. Using multiple linear regression, in Model 1 we tested trait-level sociodemographic and clinical predictors gender, BMI, ED history; Step 1 , psychological predictors appearance-based rejection sensitivity, social rank, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation; Step 2 , and dating app usage Step 3 on DE for the full sample of app-users and non-app users. We chose these trait level covariates because they have been implicated as correlates or risk factors for disordered eating i. In Model 2 we examined whether dating app usage moderated the effects of trait and psychological predictors on DE. In Model 3 we examined the effects of these same trait predictors Step 1 and psychological predictors Step 2 on DE for app-users only; in this model, we also entered the six motivators for dating app usage Step 3. We examined collinearity using variance inflation factors: all variance inflation factors were below 2. Where variables were summed, no missing data were present among participants i. To minimise the deletion of available data, any other missing data were treated using pairwise deletion.

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App users and non-app users differed in a variety of ways, including gender, ethnicity, education, employment status, and sexual orientation. Thrill of Excitement was the most frequent motivation people noted for dating app usage We then examined differences between app users and non-users on the variables included in our regression models. Differences between dating app users and non-users on trait variables included in the regression models. DE was positively associated with female gender, higher BMI, a history of an ED, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, and emotion dysregulation. The effects of social rank and fear of negative evaluation on DE did not reach statistical significance. There was a small, positive association between dating app usage and DE, indicating that dating app users were more likely to report DE symptoms. In Model 2 we entered moderation terms between dating app usage and each of the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological predictors that were associated with DE in Model 1. Thus, the effects of trait and psychological-level predictors on DE did not differ by dating app usage sub-groups. Effects of trait, demographic, emotion dysregulation, and dating app variables on disordered eating, for the whole sample Model 1 and dating app users only Model 3. Using dating apps for love and the thrill of excitement was negatively associated with DE, whereas using dating apps for ease of communication or validation of self-worth was positively associated with DE. The effects of using dating apps for casual sex or trendiness on DE were not statistically significant. In a sample of people, we sought to investigate the associations between known correlates of EDs, dating app use and sub-clinical DE. We were specifically interested in whether the relationship between known correlates of EDs and sub-clinical DE was stronger among app users compared to non-app users. Consistent with past work, DE was more prevalent among people who were women, had a higher BMI, had a history of an ED, had trouble regulating their emotions, or were especially sensitive to appearance-related rejection [ 5 , 29 , 34 , 41 ]. We also found that dating app users were more likely to engage in DE behaviours than non-app users, but note that the effect size was small. Effects of these predictors were not moderated by dating app usage: In other words, trait-level and psychological predictors did not exert stronger effects among the dating app user sample. Within the dating app user sample, however, certain motivations for using apps were associated with a higher likelihood of reporting DE. Consistent with prior research [ 30 , 41 ], lifetime dating app users were more likely to engage in DE than non-app users.

Online dating worldwide - Statistics & Facts

Importantly, the current findings are cross-sectional, and therefore do not inform the direction of these relationships. However, they suggest that individuals who have used dating apps at least once throughout their lifetime also experience higher levels of DE. It is possible that individuals with greater body image concerns and eating disturbance prefer to interact with potential romantic partners on dating apps versus in real life, possibly due to increased control over their self-presentation [ 33 ]. Contrastingly, pressures surrounding physical appearance within dating app environments may trigger users to engage in DE behaviours in an attempt to enhance their perceived physical attractiveness, and thus, dating app success [ 30 , 37 , 41 ]. Future research is needed to disentangle the direction of these effects. Moreover, it is plausible that individuals with greater eating pathology are motivated to use dating apps for their ease of communication, perhaps due to the interpersonal functioning problems e. For these individuals, dating apps may represent a more conducive environment for dating success than the offline world. Using dating apps for the thrill of excitement and love negatively predicted DE. Characteristic of the thrill of excitement motive, sensation-seeking is a facet of impulsivity defined as the tendency to seek out novel and thrilling experiences [ 36 , 45 ]. Sensation-seeking has been implicated in the development of DE behaviour, presumably, due to an urge to satisfy needs for risk and excitement through DE behaviours [ 21 , 22 , 44 ]. The finding that the thrill of excitement negatively predicted DE, may be attributable to our assessment of DE. We did not assess whether motivations for dating app use predicted specific dimensions of DE, such as dietary restraint or binge eating. Our findings, therefore, suggest possible low sensation-seeking in individuals, which may highlight restrictive eating pathology. This aligns with past research linking low novelty seeking and a tendency to be hyper-protective when facing risk situations to DE and dietary restraint [ 2 , 7 ]. We know of no conceptual framework to explain why love motivations might lead to lower eating pathology but note the finding as one warranting future replication and exploration. Together, the patterns of these motivation findings suggest that dating app users should not necessarily be considered a monolithic category. Our results highlight substantial heterogeneity among app users, and different motivational drives for using dating apps affecting DE outcomes.Insofar as future research can replicate associations between motivations for dating app use and eating pathology, the present findings could be incorporated into practices that protect against the development of eating pathology in vulnerable individuals i. For instance, dating app developers could partner with clinicians to implement a pre-screening instrument that assesses for interpersonal functioning deficits and the need for self-worth validation, and then notifies users about potential risks. Thus, prompting more informed, healthful use, whilst helping these individuals feel more comfortable participating in online dating. One limitation of the current study was that we did not assess the feedback people received from others while using the dating apps. Different predictions could be made for people who were frequently evaluated positively by others, versus those who were frequently rejected. Studies experimentally manipulating dating popularity [ 25 ], and any potential impacts on DE would further our understanding of these relationships. All variables in this study were assessed through self-report, thus, making it vulnerable to socially desirable responding and reliant on individual self-awareness. Likewise, we failed to differentiate between different subtypes of EDs. Future research should also seek to utilise designs that allow for investigation into the directionality of relationships using more complex statistical designs, both at the trait and state levels. Given documented disparities in BD and DE across sexual orientation groups [ 17 ] and the substantiated effects of sexual orientation on dating app use behaviour [ 38 ], comparisons between sexual orientation groups would be useful. Other demographic comparisons, including comparisons between individuals with different racial identities, would also be useful. These findings extend current understandings of the relationship between dating app use and body image and DE by highlighting that dating app users are more likely to engage in DE behaviours than non-users. They provide novel insights into the varied motivations for dating app use and their unique impacts on DE. As dating app use continues to proliferate, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms by which it may be harmful—and for which vulnerable groups—remains a salient area of research. KB undertook the analyses. All authors approved the final version of the paper for submission.

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All participants provided consent to take part in the current study. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. J Eat Disord. Published online Nov Blake , 1, 2 J. Portingale , 1 S. Giles , 1 S. Griffiths , 1 and I. Krug 1. Krug, Email: ua. Corresponding author. Received Feb 23; Accepted Oct The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Associated Data Data Availability Statement The data included in the current study can be requested from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Abstract The centrality of physical appearance in dating app environments may constitute an appearance-related pressure that increases the likelihood of body dissatisfaction BD and disordered eating DE , thus exacerbating the relationship between DE-predictive traits and DE itself. Plain English summary Existing research evidence, although scant, has linked dating app use to body dissatisfaction BD and disordered eating DE. Introduction Modern dating is increasingly conducted through online dating applications apps such as Tinder, Grindr and Bumble, which use geolocation and profile pictures to pair potential dating partners.Online dating and eating disorders Dating apps have become increasingly popular, with an estimated million people currently using dating apps worldwide [ 9 ]. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity and eating disorders Appearance-based rejection sensitivity is a socio-affective processing bias where individuals are especially conscious of rejection based on their physical appearance [ 29 ]. Fear of negative evaluation and eating disorders FNE is a component of social anxiety disorder and refers to anxiety about being negatively evaluated [ 16 ]. Emotion dysregulation and eating disorders Emotion dysregulation refers to the phenomenon where people are unable to effectively modulate and respond to an emotional experience [ 15 ]. The present study The centrality of physical appearance in dating app environments may constitute an appearance-related pressure that increases the likelihood of presenting with BD and DE. Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics for the total sample, and by dating app user status. Open in a separate window. Procedure Participants aged over 18 years were recruited from several sources within the University of [redacted], social media advertisements by the authors, and research listservs. Measures Demographics and ED diagnoses The baseline questionnaire obtained information concerning age, gender, ethnic background, sexual orientation, marital status, and the highest level of education completed. Appearance-based rejection sensitivity Appearance-based rejection sensitivity was measured via the Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale short-form scale [ 28 ]. Social rank Social rank was measured using the item Social Comparison Scale [ 1 ]. Fear of negative evaluation We used the item Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [ 23 ] to measure fear of being negatively evaluated. Emotion dysregulation Emotion dysregulation was measured using the item Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [ 19 ]. Data analysis We were interested in the magnitude of effects of dating app variables on DE, controlling for known predictors appearance-based rejection sensitivity, social rank, fear of negative evaluation, emotion dysregulation, ED diagnosis of this outcome variable. Table 2 Differences between dating app users and non-users on trait variables included in the regression models. Significant p values are bolded M mean, SD standard deviation. Table 3 Pearson correlations among dating app use and trait variables included in the regression models. Table 4 Effects of trait, demographic, emotion dysregulation, and dating app variables on disordered eating, for the whole sample Model 1 and dating app users only Model 3. Clinical implications Insofar as future research can replicate associations between motivations for dating app use and eating pathology, the present findings could be incorporated into practices that protect against the development of eating pathology in vulnerable individuals i. Limitations One limitation of the current study was that we did not assess the feedback people received from others while using the dating apps.

‘A Decade of Fruitless Searching’: The Toll of Dating App Burnout

Conclusion These findings extend current understandings of the relationship between dating app use and body image and DE by highlighting that dating app users are more likely to engage in DE behaviours than non-users. Acknowledgements Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The data included in the current study can be requested from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of The University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Footnotes Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. References 1. Allan S, Gilbert P. A social comparison scale: psychometric properties and relationship to psychopathology. Personal Individ Differ. Emotional instability as a trait risk factor for eating disorder behaviors in adolescents: sex differences in a large-scale prospective study. Psychol Med. Buss DM. Sex differences in human mate preferences: evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behav Brain Sci. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 'systems for social processes' in eating disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Predicting excessive body image concerns among British university students: the unique role of Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity. Body Image. Rank perception and self-evaluation in eating disorders.

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Dating Apps Prosper in an Evolving Market

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