Non-binary [a] and genderqueer are umbrella terms for gender identities that are not solely male or female identities outside the gender binary. Non-binary people may identify as an intermediate or separate third gender , [6] identify with more than one gender, [7] [8] no gender, or have a fluctuating gender identity. Non-binary people as a group vary in their gender expressions , and some may reject gender identity altogether. The term genderqueer originated in queer zines of the s as a precursor to the term non-binary. People who challenge binary social constructions of gender often self-identify as genderqueer. People may express gender non-normatively by not conforming into the binary gender categories of "man" and "woman". The term genderqueer has also been applied by those describing what they see as gender ambiguity. This is because the term androgyny is closely associated with a blend of socially defined masculine and feminine traits. Agender people " a- " meaning "without" , also called genderless, gender-free, non-gendered, or ungendered, [32] [33] are those who identify as having no gender or gender identity. Bigender also bi-gender or dual gender people have two gender identities and behaviors. Identifying as bigender is typically understood to mean that one identifies as both male and female or moves between masculine gender expression and feminine gender expression, having two distinct gender identities simultaneously or fluctuating between them. Demigender people identify partially or mostly with one gender and at the same time with another gender. A demi-boy or demi-man, for example, identifies at least partially with being a boy or a man no matter the sex and gender they were assigned at birth and partly with other genders or with no other gender agender. A demiflux person feels that the stable part of their identity is non-binary. Pangender also polygender or omnigender people have multiple gender identities. Genderfluid people often express a desire to remain flexible about their gender identity rather than committing to a single definition. Transfeminine is a term for any person, binary or non-binary, who was assigned male at birth and has a predominantly feminine gender identity or presentation; transmasculine is the equivalent term for someone who was assigned female at birth and has a predominantly masculine gender identity or presentation. Xenogender is an umbrella term for gender identities that are described with terms outside standard human understandings of gender.
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These gender identities are typically defined metaphorically in relation to animals, plants, things or sensory characteristics rather than male or female. Non-binary gender has been included within the third gender concept, but the history of identities now classified as third gender extends beyond that of nonbinary gender in particular. In , the Public Universal Friend identified as a genderless evangelist, and afterward shunned both birth name and gendered pronouns, [64] [65] an early American instance of public non-binary gender expression. In , Jens Andersson of Norway , assigned female at birth but identifying as male, was imprisoned and put on trial after marrying Anne Kristine Mortensdotter in a Lutheran church. Gender Trouble concludes by arguing that expanding cultural understandings of sex and gender contradicts the idea of sex and gender as binaries and reveals these binaries as unnatural. In the mids, the term "gender queer" emerged in connection with the American transgender rights activist Riki Wilchins , who in co-edited a collection of articles, GenderQueer: Voices from beyond the Sexual Binary. In , autism-rights movement activist Jim Sinclair , one of the founders of Autism Network International ANI , publicly declared themself gender-neutral, writing, "I remain openly and proudly neuter, both physically and socially" in their self-introduction to the Intersex Society of North America. In , legislator Estefan Cortes-Vargas came out as non-binary in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta during a debate over the inclusion of transgender rights in the provincial human rights code. Some non-binary or genderqueer people use gender-neutral pronouns. In English, usage of singular "they", "their" and "them" is the most common; [81] [82] nonstandard pronouns—commonly called neopronouns [83] —such as xe , ze , sie , co , and ey are sometimes used as well. Some others use the conventional gender-specific pronouns "he" or "she", alternate between "he" and "she", or use only their name and no pronouns at all. The Gender Census, an annual survey of people "whose genders are not adequately described, expressed or encompassed by the restrictive gender binary," found that But with the increasing acceptance of non-binary gender identities and the rise in wider societal recognition, this is slowly changing, as more governments and institutions recognize and allow non-binary identities. Multiple countries legally recognize non-binary or third gender classifications.Some non-Western societies have long recognized transgender people as a third gender, though this may not or may only recently [89] include formal legal recognition. In Western societies, Australia may have been the first country to legally recognize a classification of sex outside of "male" and "female" on legal documentation, with the recognition of Alex MacFarlane 's intersex status in India's Supreme Court formally recognized transgender and non-binary people as a distinct third gender in , following legal action taken by transgender activist Laxmi Narayan Tripathi. While the United States does not federally recognize a non-binary gender, in Oregon became the first state to recognize a non-binary gender identity. Various countries throughout history have criminalized transgender and non-binary gender identities. In the U. The reported discrimination non-binary people face includes disregard, disbelief, condescending interactions, and disrespect. As an accumulation, erasure is often a significant form of discrimination non-binary people face. Misgendering , intentional or not, is also a problem that many face. In the case of intentional misgendering, transphobia is a driving force. Non-binary and transgender identifying people also face discrimination in sports participation.
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Non-binary identifying athletes have an immediate barrier as most sports competitions are divided into men's and women's categories. Nonbinary people may report significantly less well-being and overall health than binary transgender people, though current research demonstrates conflicting perspectives on this topic. Healthcare professionals are often uninformed about nonbinary people's specific health needs, sometimes requiring nonbinary patients to educate them. Some nonbinary people desire gender-affirming health care , including hormone replacement therapy or surgery. The factors that lead to this decision are complex and unique to each person. Nonbinary patients seeking gender-affirming care typically begin treatment earlier than binary transgender patients. Nonbinary people are likely to face more mental stress than binary transgender individuals. Many flags have been used in non-binary and genderqueer communities to represent various identities. There are distinct non-binary and genderqueer pride flags. The genderqueer pride flag was designed in by Marilyn Roxie. Lavender represents androgyny or queerness, white represents agender identity, and green represents those whose identities which are defined outside the binary. Genderfluid people, who fall under the genderqueer umbrella, also have their own flag. Pink represents femininity, white represents lack of gender, purple represents mixed gender or androgyny, black represents all other genders, and blue represents masculinity. Agender people, who also sometimes identify as genderqueer, have their own flag. This flag uses black and white stripes to represent an absence of gender, and a green stripe to represent non-binary genders.Transgender pride flag , in which white represents non-binary people [] []. The measure also applies to non-citizen permanent residents who possess Argentine identity cards. A survey published in Scientific Reports concluded that 1. Because the authors considered most Brazilians unfamiliar with North American gender terminology, more open-ended questions about gender were asked. In April , Statistics Canada released findings from the census , making Canada the first country to ask a core question about gender identity, and found that 41, Canadians aged 15 and over identified as nonbinary. A survey found that 0. According to the United Kingdom census , 0. According to a study by the Williams Institute , an estimated 1. According to The Report of the U. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote.
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Gender identities other than male or female. For the book, see Gender Queer. A genderqueer pride flag in Valencia reading "The future is not binary" in Spanish. Androgyny queer third gender transgender genderfluid two-spirit. Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender. Sexual orientation and gender. Lesbian Gay men Bisexuality Transgender Intersex. Social attitudes. Academic fields and discourse. Outline History Timeline. Gender identities. Health care practices. Gender clinic Gender dysphoria in children Sex assignment Hormone therapy feminizing masculinizing Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy Gender-affirming surgery female-to-male male-to-female Facial feminization surgery Facial masculinization surgery Hair removal Pregnancy Reproduction Voice therapy WPATH Standards of Care. Rights and legal status. Society and culture. Events and awareness. Theory and concepts. By country. See also.Transgender portal LGBT portal. For the sexual attraction to more than one gender, see Bisexual. Main articles: Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns and Gender-neutral language. Main article: Legal recognition of non-binary gender. Main article: Discrimination against non-binary people. Main article: LGBT symbols. Non-binary flag. Genderqueer fashion Gender neutrality Gender-neutral language Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender Gender neutrality in genderless languages Gender neutrality in English Gender marking in job titles Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns Gender transitioning Gender variance Include Mx List of fictional non-binary characters List of people with non-binary gender identities Postgenderism Queer heterosexuality Transcending Boundaries Conference. The term enby , from the abbreviation NB , is also used. Possible answers were male, female, "part time as one gender, part time as another", and "a gender not listed here, please specify". Bear; Barker, Meg-John Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. Palgrave Macmillan.
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ISBN International Review of Psychiatry. PMID S2CID Archived from the original on June 26, Retrieved June 9, Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original PDF on July 24, Retrieved April 8, The Trevor Project.Archived from the original on July 4, Retrieved October 11, Archived from the original on January 6, Retrieved January 6, Chicago, Illinois: glbtq, Inc. Archived from the original on April 25, Retrieved May 3, The Psychology of Sex and Gender. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. OCLC Archived from the original on May 28,
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